Sand is a simple yet paradoxical material, particularly in contemporary art. As a loose, impermanent medium, it evokes transience, erosion, and the passage of time, thereby contradicting traditional notions of permanence and stable form. At the same time, sand is deeply rooted in culture and associated with notions of origin, landscape, and human labor.
In Sandzeichnungen | Sand drawings, 1978, by Joseph Beuys (1921–1986) in collaboration with Charles Wilp (1932–2005), sand is transformed into an expanded artistic context. The work comprises 18 offset prints based on photographs by Wilp, supplemented by text pages and a test tube containing coral sand. The photographs were taken at the turn of the year 1974/75 at Diani Beach, Kenya, and show Beuys executing his eponymous and, at the same time, ephemeral drawings in the sand.
For Beuys, materiality is understood as a dynamic process and serves as a paradigm for his concept of Social Sculpture, in which social malleability is conceived as analogous to sculptural form. By transferring the sand used on site into a test tube, Beuys transforms a transient material from his beach action into a preserved vehicle of meaning. As a multiple, the work subverts the claim of the auratic unique work and emphasizes reproducibility and circulation. Sand no longer appears here as a classical sculptural material, but as a processual and symbolically charged substance that condenses Beuys’s understanding of art as a social and knowledge-oriented process.
In Beuys’s work, therefore, material is not merely a physical medium but a semantically charged vehicle of meaning. Felt, fat, honey, copper, wax, wood, and other natural materials function as substances imbued with energy, whose physical properties – such as thermal insulation, storage capacity, conductivity, and plasticity – are an integral part of the conceptual content.
The choice of materials is closely linked to the so-called Tatar myth, which describes the repeatedly recounted rescue in 1944 following a war-related plane crash in Crimea, Ukraine, during which Beuys, seriously injured, was rubbed with fat, fed honey, and wrapped in felt by Tatars, and thus saved. Regardless of its historical veracity, this narrative functions as a symbolic matrix that lends plausibility to the use of these substances as materials of healing, transformation, and existential protection, and consequently legitimizes it.